A bushcraft manual has been published to help trampers stay safe in the great outdoors.

The New Zealand Mountain Safety Council guide includes tips on trip planning, managing risk, river safety and emergency procedures.

It is aimed at both novices and those with experience to help people enjoy the bush safely.

About 400 search and rescue operations were carried out in the bush last year. More than three quarters of those needing rescue were New Zealanders.

Safety council chief executive Darryl Carpenter said the figure would ideally be lower.

"But the outdoors has its own element of risk," he said. "We're dealing with a dynamic environment."

Carpenter said a whistle was a vital piece of equipment, as was a candle and a lighter.

Keeping an eye on weather conditions and telling someone of your plans also formed crucial parts of a tramping trip, he said.

Tramper Shaun Barnett told ONE News that tramping was in his blood. He has, however, been in a serious situation in the past.

One of his tramping companions slipped and went over a 10-metre bluff, dislocating his hip.

The man was reached but a night camping in the snow had to be endured before a rescue team came to their help.

For more information about the safety guide go to www.mountainsafety.org.nz .

Source: ONE news